Historical Perspectives on Disability and Rehabilitation

Dr. Ravinder Kumar; MR. Krishan Lal

Historical Perspectives on Disability and Rehabilitation

Authors: Dr. Ravinder Kumar, MR. Krishan Lal

Unique Paper ID: 166867
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
PageNo: 2616-2623

Keywords: No Keywords Found

Abstract:
The historical perspectives on disability and rehabilitation have evolved significantly over time, reflecting broader societal attitudes and scientific advancements. In ancient civilizations, individuals with disabilities were often marginalized, viewed through lenses of superstition, and frequently subjected to exclusion or mistreatment. For instance, in ancient Greece and Rome, physical and mental disabilities were sometimes seen as omens or divine punishments. However, some early efforts at rehabilitation did emerge, such as Hippocrates' work on treating mental illnesses and physical disabilities. The Middle Ages saw a mix of charitable care and continued stigmatization, with many disabled individuals living in monasteries or asylums, where they received basic care but often faced severe isolation. The Enlightenment era marked a turning point, as emerging humanistic philosophies began to emphasize the inherent dignity and potential of every individual, including those with disabilities. This shift laid the groundwork for more systematic approaches to rehabilitation, particularly in Europe. The 19th century saw the rise of specialized institutions and the professionalization of care, with figures like Dorothea Dix advocating for the humane treatment of the mentally ill and the establishment of asylums with better living conditions. The 20th century brought about dramatic changes, influenced by the world wars, which saw large numbers of injured soldiers requiring rehabilitation. This period spurred advances in medical technology and therapeutic techniques. The disability rights movement, particularly from the 1960s onwards, further transformed perspectives, advocating for the integration and empowerment of disabled individuals within society. This era highlighted the importance of accessibility, leading to significant legislative changes such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990. Today, disability is increasingly understood through a social model, which emphasizes the removal of societal barriers and the promotion of inclusion and equality. Rehabilitation has become a multidisciplinary field, focusing not only on physical recovery but also on social integration and psychological well-being. This historical journey reflects a growing recognition of the value and potential of individuals with disabilities, fostering a more inclusive and equitable society.

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Cite This Article

ISSN: 2349-6002
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
PageNo: 2616-2623

Historical Perspectives on Disability and Rehabilitation

Available:https://ijirt.org/Article?manuscript=166867

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UGC Approved
Journal no 47859

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